Contents
 
Acknowledgements 
Introduction 
 
Section 1: How HIV and AIDS affect young children
 

	1.1  Children infected with HIV Facts about HIV/AIDS and children Where are children most affected? How does HIV/AIDS affect child health?
	1.2  Children affected by HIV Impact of HIV/AIDS on infant and child mortality
	1.3  Children vulnerable to HIV

Section 2: Preventing HIV infection in young children 
 

	2.1 Mother-to-child transmission How is HIV transmitted to children? When is HIV transmitted? Risk factors
	2.2 Preventing and treating HIV infection in women Preventing infection in women Factors which increase HIV risk How Improved STD control can reduce HIV transmission  If a woman already has HIV infection HIV and women's reproductive choices Antiretroviral therapy
	2.3 Breastfeeding Preventing HIV transmission through breastfeeding 1. Consider the possibility that the mother may have HIV Counselling and testing 2. Help the mother to make a decision about infant feeding Breastfeeding and HIV: assessing the risk 3. Advise the mother about how to feed the infant safely Modified breastfeeding Alternatives to breastfeeding Reducing the risks associated with giving alternatives to breastmilk 4. Follow up the infant's growth and general health
	2.4 Other interventions to reduce transmission Improving nutrition during pregnancy What can health workers do? Safe delivery at home Medical procedures during pregnancy and delivery
	2.5 Transmission through blood transfusion Preventing transmission through blood transfusion
	2.6 Acquired infection

Section 3: Diagnosis, treatment and care 
 

	3.1 Diagnosis and testing of infected children Diagnosis Clinical signs and symptoms HIV counselling and testing Birth to 6 Months Issues to consider in testing children for HIV Diagnostic tests
	3.2 Treatment and care Basic care and support needs for all children - with and without HIV Prevention, treatment and supportive care at home Preventing transmission of HIV at home Helping children to stay well Nutrition and children with HIV and AIDS Feeding and illness Safe preparation of food Taking care of common conditions How to give oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution How to make gentian violet solution Giving medicines to children Management of common infections at primary care level Clinical follow-up Referral and treatment Immunisation: protecting against common childhood infections Palliative care in terminal HIV/AIDS Drugs for treatment of children with HIV and AIDS
	3.3 Affected children What can health workers do? Child rights and HIV and AIDS Community-based support programme Strategies for dealing with children orphaned by HIV and AIDS

Section 4: Issues for health workers 
 

	4.1 Pressures on health workers
	4.2 Preventing transmission in health facilities Preventing tuberculosis Safety precautions Care after exposure
	4.3 Advising and counselling caregivers Children living positively Talking to children about HIV and AIDS Confidentiality and children Dealing with illness and death in a young child Dealing with children's questions Planning for a child's future

Section 5: Selected resources 
 

Glossary

Appendix 1 - Basic Facts about HIV and AIDS

Appendix 2 - Example of a workshop to explore issues around HIV/AIDS and young children

 
 
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